Clinical Skills Certificate Course:

Retinoscopy in Plus Cylinder and in Minus Cylinder

Course level:

This course is intended for ophthalmic assistants, technicians and technologists.

Course structure:

This course consists of short, illustrated reading segments. There is a quiz at the end of the course. Upon passing the quiz, the user will receive a certificate of completion.

Estimated time to complete:

One hour.

Short Course Description:

This course on retinoscopy discusses equipment and techniques for performing retinoscopy in plus cylinder and in minus cylinder form. Streak reflexes, axis identification, and neutralization are demonstrated with illustrations and animations.

For the Detailed Course Description, see below

The course can be purchased via Paypal (you don't need a Paypal account) by using the button below, $7 for 2 months of access. More than one course can be purchased at the same time by going to the course catalog. Courses can also be purchased via Authorize.net from the course catalog.

After purchase, the course can be accessed immediately by using the "courses" tab on the top menu bar to link to your "my courses" page.

Detailed Course Description

Plus Cylinder: Basic Concepts of Retinoscopy

Introduction
The retinoscope
The sleeve-up position
Using the retinoscope
The patient setup

Plus Cylinder: Neuralizing Spherical Errors

The basic streak reflexes
Procedure for neutralizing spherical refractive errors
Example
Streak width and streak speed

Plus Cylinder: Neutralizing Astigmatism

Terminology
Recognizing the presence of astigmatism
Procedure

1. Neutralize one of the meridians
2. Identify the axis of the astigmatism
      The thickness phenomenon
      The intensity phenomenon
      The break and skew phenomena
      Straddling the axis
3. Neutralize the astigmatism with plus-cylinder power
4. Subtract the working distance

Minus Cylinder: Basic Concepts of Retinoscopy

Introduction
The retinoscope
The sleeve-up position
Using the retinoscope
The patient setup

Minus Cylinder: Neuralizing Spherical Errors

The basic streak reflexes
Procedure for neutralizing spherical refractive errors
Example
Streak width and streak speed

Minus Cylinder: Neutralizing Astigmatism

Terminology
Recognizing the presence of astigmatism
Procedure
   1. Neutralize one of the meridians
   2. Identify the axis of the astigmatism
         The thickness phenomenon
         The intensity phenomenon
         The break and skew phenomena
         Straddling the axis
   3. Neutralize the astigmatism with minus-cylinder power
   4. Subtract the working distance